THE HERALDRY OF CRYPTOLOGY- Addendum. Army units and branches with cryptologic related duties. These included several major units which had been merged in 1. United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (USAINSCOM). The article noted that included in the consolidation were a number of smaller intelligence agencies under the direct control of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) . We thank the INSCOM History Office for the following historical and heraldic information on one of those agencies; and for the delightful and informative essay on the sphinx which has been a principal heraldic symbol of U. S. ARMY SPECIAL SECURITY GROUP.
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Although the U. S. Army Special Security Group traces its organizational origins as a separate TDA unit to the establishment of Detachment MIOAC of S. G2 on 1. 5 May 1. Washington, D. C., the group's mission dates to World. War II. After the sudden attack on Pearl Harbor, Secretary of War Stimson recognized the need to exploit and protect the . Secretary Stimson turned to Mr.
Alfred Mc. Cormack, a prominent New. York lawyer of the day, to investigate signal intelligence operations to ensure that they met the requirements of the war effort and that they were exploited to their maximum possibilities. During the course of his investigation, Mr. Mc. Cormack came in contact with Colonel (later Brigadier General) Carter W.
The two presented their recommendations to the AC of S. G2, who agreed with the findings. Consequently, a section of the Far Eastern Branch of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS), the operating arm of AC of S. G2, was made the Special Service Branch (soon renamed the Special Branch) in May 1. Mc. Cormack was commissioned with the rank of colonel and became deputy chief. By the end of July, the branch had succeeded in assembling 2. Because of numerous personnel restrictions, the total rose to only 2.
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March 1. 94. 3. In April 1. Colonel Mc. Cormack, accompanied by Colonel Telford Taylor of the Military Intelligence Service and Mr. William Friedman, the famed cryptologist of the Signal Security Agency, went to England and made a two- monthsurvey of British signal intelligence operations. As a result, the Special Service Branch adopted many of the operational principles established by the British for the handling of . By the end of the year, special security officers had been attached to the three major U. S. Because there was a great duplication of effort and the remainder of MIS was producing intelligence reports without the benefit of signal intelligence material, it was decided in June that the Special Branch would be discontinued and its functions absorbed into a homogeneous MIS. The . G2. On 1. 5 May 1.
G2 in Washington, D. C. Detachment M served as a field detachment under the AC of S. For its personnel's contributions during the Korean War, elements of the detachment received the Meritorious Unit Commendation (3.
July 1. 95. 0 to 2. July 1. 95. 3) and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. Over the years, the organization was successively redesignated the following: the Special Security Detachment, ACSI on 1. June 1. 96. 0 and the Special Security Group, ACSI on 1 October 1. In 1. 96. 0, the organizational charter was expanded to include control and distribution of all- source intelligence data. For its contributions during the Vietnam War, elements of the group within Vietnam received two Meritorious Unit Citations, a Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, and a Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal.
As a result of the Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study, implementedin 1. Special Security Office (SSO) system was divided into two separate and distinct components: SSO's supporting activities at echelons above corps(EAC) and those supporting units at corps and below. The former remained a part of the Special Security Group while the later, called tactical. SSO's, became organic to the supported units and fell under the command and control of the tactical command. Additionally, IOSS gave the Army Communications Command responsibility for the communications functions previously performed by the SSO's.
In an effort to centralize Special Compartmented Intelligence operations, the. Vice Chief of Staff, U. S. Army directed the transfer of the U. S. Army Special Security Group from OACSI to HQ INSCOM effective 1 October 1. In January. 19. 85, the unit moved from the Pentagon to Arlington Hall Station, Virginia. The earliest example is the famed reclining sphinx in Giza, Egypt, dating from approximately 2,5.
B. C. This colossal monument is believed to be a portrait statue of King Khafre. Throughout Egyptian history, the sphinx continued to symbolize the strength and protective power of Egypt's rulers. Around 1. 60. 0 B. C., the sphinx first appeared in Greek art and later became a.
Greek legend. According to Greek mythology, the sphinx was a winged,human- headed lion, an off- spring of two giants. Living in the vicinity of the city of Thebes, she terrorized the people by demanding the answer to a riddle taught her by the Muses: What is it that has one voice and yet becomes four- footed,then two- footed, and finally three- footed?
Upon receiving an incorrect answer,the sphinx proceeded to devour her helpless victims. Eventually, Oedipus gave the correct answer: . Because of its association with these virtues, the War Department selected the sphinx in 1. Military Intelligence Officers' Reserve Corps (MIORC), an association of World War I veterans with experience and interest in intelligence. The MIORC's insignia consisted of an eared shield bearing a circle, 1. The 1. 3 converging strips symbolized the collecting of information by military intelligence which was represented by the sphinx, and conversely, the strips also symbolized the dissemination of information after evaluation.
Through the years, the sphinx remained the principal heraldic symbol of military intelligence, and in particular, counterintelligence. When the Military Intelligence Reserve Branch was established in 1. In 1. 94. 9, the Counter Intelligence Corps School, located at Fort Holabird, Maryland, had the sphinx on its crest as did its successor unit, the U. S. Army Intelligence School, in 1. When the U. S. Army Intelligence Command (USAINTC) was organized as a major Army command from 1.
However, the most striking example of the symbol's connection with intelligence was the five- foot sphinx statue constructed of pot iron and painted gold which stood for over 2. USAINTC and its predecessors and which since 1.
U. S Army Intelligence Center and School (USAICS). The statue was first erected on a concrete pedestal in front of the CIC Center Headquarters at Fort Holabird in 1. During a special ceremony on 5 August 1.
National Counter Intelligence Corps Association with the inscription: . It was difficult to disassociate one from the other. From time to time the pranksters had their day with the statue. The sphinx would turn from gold to pink overnight, and on occasion, could be seen decked outwith a new brassiere.
In July 1. 97. 3, Headquarters, U. S. Army Intelligence Command moved from Fort. Holabird to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, and with it went the sphinx, which barely survived the ride through the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel. In October it was placed on its new pedestal in front of Nathan Hale Hall, but its stay was brief.
Army Intelligence Command was discontinued on 3. June 1. 97. 4, it was decided that the U. S. Army Intelligence Center and School at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, would be the permanent home of the sphinx. At Fort Huachuca, the sphinx stood in front of the Military Intelligence Museum until its closure in 1.
Today,it maintains a constant vigil in the courtyard of Riley Barracks, Headquarters, U. S. Army Intelligence Center and School.
But, like the sphinx of ancient Thebes, the MI sphinx has a riddle all its own. How and when did it come to be discarded in a salvage area at Fort George G. Meade; who did it; and why? Records indicate that in 1. Counter Intelligence Corps retrieved the statue from the salvage area and had it refurbished and erected at Fort Holabird. There is a story that the statue once stood on an earthern mound in front of either the 1.
Military Intelligence Battalion at Fort Meade during the post World War II period until being discarded, but official records fail to verify that these units existed for the time and place in question. Others subscribe to the story that the statue was one of two such sphinxes which stood for over 5. California, only to disappear in the early 1. Finally, most old- timers believe it was liberated from a brothel in Paris by enterprising CIC agents and brought back to the States at the endof World War II. The sphinx in its symbolic wisdom continues to keep its secrets.
The sphinx was used by the French during World War I as a symbol worn on the collars of their Corps of Interpreters, who served in an intelligence support role. Therefore, it has also been suggested that U.